Django REST Framework Part 2

User 추가하기

polls/models.py

class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name='질문')
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='생성일')  
    owner = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', related_name='questions', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
                              
    @admin.display(boolean=True, description='최근생성(하루기준)')
    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    
    def __str__(self):
        return f'제목: {self.question_text}, 날짜: {self.pub_date}'
    ...

>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> User
<class 'django.contrib.auth.models.User'>
>>> User._meta.get_fields()
>>> User.objects.all()
<QuerySet [<User: admin>]>

>>> from polls.models import * 
>>> user = User.objects.first()
>>> user.questions.all() 
>>> print(user.questions.all().query)
SELECT "polls_question"."id", "polls_question"."question_text", "polls_question"."pub_date", "polls_question"."owner_id" FROM "polls_question" WHERE "polls_question"."owner_id" = 1

 

 

User 관리하기

polls_api/serializers.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    questions = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True, queryset=Question.objects.all())
    
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['id', 'username', 'questions']

 

polls_api/views.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from polls_api.serializers import UserSerializer

class UserList(generics.ListAPIView):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer
    
class UserDetail(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

 

polls_api/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from .views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path('question/', QuestionList.as_view(), name='question-list'),
    path('question/<int:pk>/', QuestionDetail.as_view()),
    path('users/', UserList.as_view(),name='user-list'),
    path('users/<int:pk>/', UserDetail.as_view()),

]

 

 

Serializer를 사용하여 User 생성하기

polls_api/serializers.py

class RegisterSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    password = serializers.CharField(write_only=True, required=True, validators=[validate_password])
    password2 = serializers.CharField(write_only=True, required=True)
    
    def validate(self, attrs):
        if attrs['password'] != attrs['password2']:
            raise serializers.ValidationError({"password": "두 패스워드가 일치하지 않습니다."})
        return attrs
    
    def create(self, validated_data):
        user = User.objects.create(username=validated_data['username'])
        user.set_password(validated_data['password'])
        user.save()
        
        return user
    
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['username', 'password','password2']

 

polls_api/views.py

from polls_api.serializers import RegisterSerializer

class RegisterUser(generics.CreateAPIView):
    serializer_class = RegisterSerializer

 

polls_api/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from .views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path('question/', QuestionList.as_view(), name='question-list'),
    path('question/<int:pk>/', QuestionDetail.as_view()),
    path('users/', UserList.as_view(),name='user-list'),
    path('users/<int:pk>/', UserDetail.as_view()),
    path('register/', RegisterUser.as_view()),

]

 

 

User 권한 관리

polls_api/urls.py

from django.urls import path,include
from .views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path('question/', QuestionList.as_view(), name='question-list'),
    path('question/<int:pk>/', QuestionDetail.as_view()),
    path('users/', UserList.as_view(),name='user-list'),
    path('users/<int:pk>/', UserDetail.as_view()),
    path('register/', RegisterUser.as_view()),
    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls'))

]

 

mysite/settings.py

from django.urls import reverse_lazy
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = reverse_lazy('question-list')
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL = reverse_lazy('question-list')

 

polls_api/urls.py

class QuestionSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    owner = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='owner.username')

    class Meta:
        model = Question
        fields = ['id', 'question_text', 'pub_date', 'owner']

 

polls_api/permissions.py

from rest_framework import permissions

class IsOwnerOrReadOnly(permissions.BasePermission):
    def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
        if request.method in permissions.SAFE_METHODS:
            return True
        
        return obj.owner == request.user

 

polls_api/views.py

from rest_framework import generics,permissions
from .permissions import IsOwnerOrReadOnly

class QuestionList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Question.objects.all()
    serializer_class = QuestionSerializer
    permission_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly]
    
    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        serializer.save(owner=self.request.user)

class QuestionDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Question.objects.all()
    serializer_class = QuestionSerializer
    permission_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly, IsOwnerOrReadOnly]

 

 

perform_create()

>>> from polls_api.serializers import QuestionSerializer
>>> question_serializer = QuestionSerializer(data={"question_text": "some text","owner" :"someone"})
>>> question_serializer.is_valid()
True
>>> question_serializer.validated_data
OrderedDict([('question_text', 'some text')])
>>> question = question_serializer.save(id=10000)
>>> question.id
10000
>>> question.question_text
'some text'

 

 

POSTMAN

"POSTMAN'을 이용하여 코드의 진행 과정을 볼 수 있습니다.

 

RelatedField

• SlugRelatedField()
• HyperlinkedRelatedField()

 

polls_api/serializers.py

class ChoiceSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    class Meta:
        model = Choice
        fields = ['choice_text', 'votes']

class QuestionSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    owner = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='owner.username')
    choices = ChoiceSerializer(many=True, read_only=True)
    
    class Meta:
        model = Question
        fields = ['id', 'question_text', 'pub_date', 'owner', 'choices']

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    #questions = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True, queryset=Question.objects.all())
    #questions = serializers.StringRelatedField(many=True, read_only=True)
    #questions = serializers.SlugRelatedField(many=True, read_only=True, slug_field='pub_date')
    questions = serializers.HyperlinkedRelatedField(many=True, read_only=True, view_name='question-detail')
    
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['id', 'username', 'questions']

 

polls_api/urls.py

from django.urls import path,include
from .views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path('question/', QuestionList.as_view(), name='question-list'),
    path('question/<int:pk>/', QuestionDetail.as_view(),name='question-detail'),
    path('users/', UserList.as_view(),name='user-list'),
    path('users/<int:pk>/', UserDetail.as_view()),
    path('register/', RegisterUser.as_view()),
    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls'))

]

 

polls/models.py

...
class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, related_name='choices', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.choice_text